ABSTRACT
Human breast milk-derived exosomes (HMDEs) are newly discovered active signaling vesicles in breast milk, which are rich in nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These exosomes play an essential role in the development and maturation of the intestinal mucosal barrier in newborns. In addition, HMDEs possess distinctive properties that allow for remodeling and modification, thereby are expected to provide more efficient prevention and treatment strategies for neonatal intestinal diseases. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the origin, isolation, identification, labeling, structural features, composition, and biological functions, and their unique impact on the intestinal mucosal barrier function in newborns.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the preparation methods and quality control of 177Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, and conduct preliminary clinical application research. Methods:177Lu-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)- D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (TOC) and 177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-I&T were labeled by manual labeling and automatic labeling, respectively. Factors such as the amount of precursor and nuclide, reaction temperature, pH value, reaction time, labeling yield and specific activity were investigated. Quality control of the products were carried out, such as clarity, pH value, sterility, bacterial endotoxin and stability in vitro. 177Lu-PSMA-I&T was applied to the treatment of prostate cancer patients, and the efficacy was evaluated by SPECT/CT imaging. Paired t test was used to analyze the data. Results:The amount of precursor and nuclide, reaction temperature, pH value and reaction time of the two methods were basically the same, both with high yield and specific activity. The yield of 177Lu-DOTA-TOC automatic labeling was significantly higher than that of manual labeling (99.2±0.4)% vs (95.3±1.5)% ( t=7.17, P<0.001), and the specific activity were (91.6±13.7) vs (89.1±13.2) GBq/μmol. The yield of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T automatic labeling was also significantly higher than that of manual labeling (99.6±0.3)% vs (95.7±1.3)% ( t=8.24, P<0.001), and the specific activity were (96.1±14.3) vs (93.2±13.8) GBq/μmol. The labeled products were colorless clear solution with pH value of 6.5-7.0. The sterility and bacterial endotoxin met the requirements. The radiochemical purity of the labeled products was more than 95% after 48 h, which showed good stability. The clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T in patients with prostate cancer showed that both primary and metastatic lesions had good uptake. Conclusions:The labeling of 177Lu radiopharmaceuticals is simple and has high yield and stability. The application of automatic labeling can simplify the process, improve the yield and reduce irradiation.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the expression of survivin protein in primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHC) and its relationship to the proliferation of the tumor cells and prognosis of PHC. Methods The expression of survivin protein and the proliferation of tumor cells marked by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 48 cases of PHC were determined by immunohistochemical method. Results The survivin protein was expressed in 31 of 48 cases of PHC (64.6%). The expression of PCNA was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with positive survivin expression than in HCC with negative survivin expression. The patients with positive survivin expression had the worse prognosis than those with negative survivin expression. Conclusion The expression of survivin may play an important role in the proliferation of PHC cells and closely associate with the prognosis of PHC, and probably become the prognostic factor and an important target of therapy.